Mature Bull Thistle plant photo by Chris Evans via University of Illinois, Bugwood.org Identification Wavyleaf thistle can grow to be 4 feet tall, and flowers June-July. Because control is not required in the county,it ison the list ofNon-Regulated Noxious Weedsfor King County. Prevalent in the United States and Canada, bull thistle . Prevention: Bull thistle only reproduces by seed so prevention of seeding and takign care not to spread seeds are key to preventing new infestations. Bull thistle, while common throughout Wisconsin, rarely forms large populations, but none the less can be problematic. When applied topically for skin ailments, some may develop an allergic reaction. collected from established populations in Missouri. Bull thistles are biennials. GoBotany also offers an interactive online key forCirsium. Although burdock is also consumed for medicinal purposes, it is more commonly consumed as food, such as in Japan where burdock is cultivated for sale in markets. Cirsium is a genus of perennial and biennial flowering plants in the Asteraceae, one of several genera known commonly as thistles.They are more precisely known as plume thistles.These differ from other thistle genera (Carduus, Silybum and Onopordum) in having feathered hairs to their achenes.The other genera have a pappus of simple unbranched hairs.. Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) is an introduced perennial thistle widely distributed Even horses will help by picking out many of the nectar-rish flowers and eating them before they go to seed. The steps, resources and references available to manage weeds in small fruit crops. As they crept barefoot, they came across an area of ground covered in thistles. in the Oklahoma Noxious Weed Law. Milk thistle has spiny stems, leaves, and flowers. Russian thistles look like what most people would refer to as tumbleweed, with a dome shape and shallow roots that easily break off at ground level, where it can roll for great distances in the wind, spreading seeds along the way. Infestations were identified early and were eradicated. Comparatively, Canada thistle is a perennial that reproduces through underground rhizomes and wind-blown seeds. I heard this somewhere years ago.". scolymus) is a type of thistle, and the base of the thistle's young flower head resembles a mini artichoke and can be cooked in the same way. Usually when I get a thistle bite I wait for it to swell up a little bit then squeeze it out like a splinter. It has wooly hair on the Invasive species are an issue because they lack natural predators. lobed and tipped with spines. With dark green foliage, the base of Musk thistles bloom has thick artichoke-like, spine tipped bracts that are extremely distinctive. After hatching, the larvae burrow into the seed-prodcuing tissues to feed, forming galls and reducing seed production. The flowers are larger and more globe-shaped. Best Milk Thistle Supplement: Future Kind Milk Thistle Seed Liver Cleanse. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. requires the full cooperation of all landowners. Spear thistle, or Bull thistle is an invasive species. New Mexico thistle has special value to bumblebees. Milk thistle (also known as silybum marianum) is plant in the Asteraceae family. Hunker may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story. because insects and diseases keep them in check. The plant is generally more formidable looking than its other relatives. It can choke out every other living plant and can repel most animals. One variety, the Scotch thistle, sports purple flowers and prickly leaves and has become the national emblem of Scotland. All rights reserved. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Up close, it's easy to distinguish leaves and flowers. Mowing and pulling young plants can also help to keep it under control. The use of blessed thistle is not limited to breastfeeding. As fans of Western books and movies know, once the Russian thistle breaks free from the ground, it becomes what's known as a tumbleweed. appearance. It has also been linked to improving breast milk flow in new mothers. Blessed thistle side effects include upset stomach and vomiting if more than 6 grams are consumed in a single day. Great for liver cell regeneration. In summary, blessed thistle and milk thistle, although similar sounding, have different herbal properties targeted at helping different areas of the body. It's not easy to hoe like the milk thistle and spreads everywhere. height. Distaff thistle has solitary, yellow flowers at the top Pre-emergent herbicides include Dithiopyr (Dimension) can be used in landscapes and turf. If your site has animals grazing, please read instructions carefully on grazing restrictions. available at all OSU Extension county offices. Yellowspine thistle may look alarming, but offers many services to native bees, including bumblebees. Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, What is Medicinal Herbology? The striking yellow thistle (Cirsium horridulum). Proper identification of thistles Diseases and insects that normally hold them in check in their appear, they should immediately be destroyed by chopping them off below ground or To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. In addition to tea,. But its leaves are not as deeply lobed, the milky stripes are much more pronounced, and the plant grows much bigger and more robust. since the 1960s. Years ago, thistle was a revered plant. It is unlikely that you would find these thistles in densities that you would find the invasive thistles that grow in our mountains. ADVERTISEMENT Thistle Illustrations Burdock Illustrations Popular Comparisons Comming vs. Coming What distinguishes Field thistle from other native thistles may be a lighter hue and white hairs on stems that lack prickles, which form a mat on the underside of the leaves. Bull thistle Canada thistle Milk thistle Revised June 2007 Control Methods If you find milk thistle on your property, choose one or a combination of the control methods listed below. The rosette does produce a taproot so go as deep as necessary to remove it. We have milk thistle on our property and if you hoe it, the horses will eat it once it wilts. An expectorant thins out mucus and makes it easier to remove from the body by coughing. Milk thistle has been used to treat upset stomach, liver and gallbladder ailments. Milk thistle is a stout, biennial or annual plant that grows up to one metre tall and has a branched, stem. As Russian thistle propagates and bears seeds, the bush dries and breaks loose of the desert soil. About bull thistle: Bull thistle is a non-native upright biennial Its leaves are less pinnately divided than engelmannii, with leaves greatly reduced in size near the top of the plant. It is not only edible but good for youit's just a little hard to disarm. Blessed thistle is one of many herbal supplements used by women for lactation enhancement. Leaves illustrated in this weevil (Trichosirocalus horridus) successfully decreased the severity of infestations . Long, needlelike prickles guard the base of the flower. Silymarin is believed to have antioxidant properties. - Habitat, Species & Facts, Saki Monkey: Facts, Habitat, Behavior & Diet, Howler Monkey: Facts, Classification, Diet & Behavior, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. This species is very similar morphologically to C. undulatum, or Wavyleaf thistle. Its leaves are thinner and more lanceolate with prickles that are much shorter than other Cirsium species. If the bull thistle population is large enough to support a good sized population of this insect, it can be an effective way to reduce seed production of the bull thistle. The thistle has been used in traditional medicine to cure or alleviate a medley of illnesses for centuries. Biennial thistle with the upper stems and branches winged with a wavy, prickly tissue. Categorized as threatened in Arkansas, swamp thistle has special value to bumble bees This plant features hairy stem, and more narrow flower heads (less than 1 1/4 inch wide). red veins borne in spiny heads. The Xerces Society says non-native thistles are among the most problematic invasive species in North America. This pink pincushion of a flower is morphologically fascinating at each stage of its development, and therefore I will argue, it is lovely in its own way. Cirsium species occur in Oklahoma, but are rarely encountered. Leaf lobes usually become deeper-cut, and One day, she was discussing her health and infertility issues with her friend Marcy. Bull thistle : Nonnative, not on noxious weed list : Pink to purple; occur in clusters at ends of branches : Tops of leaves are hairy and prickly (unidirectional); underside is cottony with prominently raised main veins : Spiny winged : 1-6feet : Biennial : Red flowers ; Cirsium andersonii : Anderson's thistle ; Medical Disclaimer: The information on this site is for your information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Use a chemical weed solution if this thistle isn't easy to manually control. Also, goats and sheep have both been used for grazing management of bull thistle. Once considered a cure-all, the thistle was even recommended as a remedy for the plague. The base of the flower is cup-shaped with crosshatching between prickles. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Please enter your email address below to create account. Oklahomas Noxious Weed Law, first enacted in 1994 in four counties in northeastern Milk thistle is found throughout the eastern United States, California, South America, Africa, Australia, and Asia. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a herb that is used for a variety of liver ailments and gallbladder disorders, including: Some research has also linked milk thistle to help with infertility issues, cancer, nasal allergies, and even help improve the flow of breast milk in nursing mothers. Distaff thistle (Carthamus lanatus) and its distribution. Learn about blessed thistle and its benefits, uses, and side effects when used for lactation benefits. Wavyleaf thistle is similar to Yellowspine thistle, but differs in the undulation of the leaf edges, and the absence of long bracts at the base of the flower. Marcy suggests Laura should try the supplement as well. Bull thistle has large, upright flowers with spine-tipped bracts below the petals. On the internet, many websites and blogs are proclaiming that milk thistle can support thyroid hormone health simply by means of But it is more of a bushy plant. This native thistle is a bountiful nectar source for native bees, and can grow to an astonishing 10 feet tall. Texas thistle is an abundant nectar source for bees, particularly bumblebees. Several plants were collected in the panhandle counties in the Bull thistle can reach a height of 3 feet. Blessed thistle has red and yellow flowers while milk thistle has purple or magenta flowers. Populations are fairly Identify milk thistle by leaves with white veins and hairy seeds on its pink flowers. Prickles are on the tip of each tooth on a leaf, but are generally absent elsewhere, and typically a stem will produce only one flower. A thistle is the national emblem of Scotland. introduced into the U.S. as biological control agents for musk thistle in the 1970s. Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense, zones 4-7) is also difficult to control and can quickly infect gardens and fields. Canada thistle is considered extremely aggressive and invasive in 43 states. This family of plants are believed to have antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Some people might get deficient in bile production. Scotch thistle has large broad leaves. If you arent sure, take pictures of distinctive features (leaves, bud, base, stems) to bring home and identify. These thistles produce conspicuous rosettes of leaves as seedlings. bracts below the petals. Hi Catherine! commonly mistaken for thistles because of their purple flowers are Leavenworths eryngo Rick, you don't want to find any milk thistle, it is a horrible plant that can grow 10 feet tall. This thistle doesn't have the milky striping, and its leaves are hairier than Italian or milk thistle. It is sometimes sold as "Silymarin" or "Chardon-Marie" (derived from carduus marianus). Blessed thistle side effects include nausea and vomiting, usually associated with taking quantities in excess of 6 grams per day. Though bull thistle is difficult to contain, frequent mowing before it flowers can help keep it under control. Distaff thistle (Carthamus lanatus) was found in McClain County in the mid-1970s and later in Grady County. Throughout history, people have sought out ways to stimulate and improve lactation (the secretion of milk from mammary glands). Thistles are a member of the plant family Asteracea, which is a very large group with about 24,000 members. Flowering heads are completely lacking in cobwebby pubescence thats so common in Cirsium species. Canada thistle grows a round purple flower that quickly turns into a white dandelion-like seed. 1950s and several more in Bryan County in the 1970s, but currently, no infestations Milk thistle is partial to rocky soil and can grow up to 4 feet tall. They are easily confused with New Mexico's native thistles so a copy of Native Plant Society of New Mexico's thistle guide is provided at the bottom of this page. In year two, they shoot up a large flower stalk. The leaves are deeply lobed and have a little bit of milky striping. It has a grooved stem and is covered in a fuzzy cotton-like substance. On the foot, that might not be practical because every step you take can drive it in deeper. Milk thistle, another variety, contains a chemical known as silymarin. Planting crops can help control Russian thistle as the new plants make it difficult for the seeds to find a place to take root. Dead plants may remain standing for up to a year after they die. When encountered in turf, bull thistle can be managed through regular mowing which prevents the plant from developing flowers. American basketflower doesnt actually have the trademark thorns of a thistle, but the bloom is very similar. stems and leaves and no wings or spines along the stem. Also, standing in a park, with gloves on, my partners gloves were black, mine were white, and with knives, doing something that was a little weird . Bull thistle is also commonly found along trails, roads and vacant fields. Invasive thistles I'm trying to find out the biological name for the kind of non-invasive, non-noxious, non-stickery thistle plants offered for sale at the Oregon Scottish Highland Games and Festivals. 2. Be sure to include a nonionic surfactant. Bull thistle can reach a height of 3 feet. and upper blades are ovate or lanceolate to oblanceolate; the margins are generally It was like chewing on a twig. Its stems are blanketed in wooly white hairs. The entire plant is covered in thick bristly spine-like prickles and can be 2-5 feet. Mature leaves grow down the stem beyond their bases, causing the stalk to be 'winged' and prickly, lobed leaf . The . Stems hairy along base, ovary is covered in cobweb-like hairs. However, the use of herbal supplements incorporated into diet and exercise are thought to be a more organic and holistic approach to health and many people see that as a plus in today's world of overprocessed food. Thanks for posting this - good info - I recall reading years ago that milk thistle (I think) is edible and some friends and I were trying to figure out which is which during this glorious spring. What is blessed thistle? The thick stems have curtain-like wings on either side, which are spiny. Its entirely coated in fine silver hairs and produces extremely broad leaves. Historically, people have used milk thistle for liver . Native to Europe and the Mediterranean, but also common in the United States, Scotch thistle (Cynara cardunculus, zones 7-10) is a slow-growing biennial. It is a slender plant with sparse foliage, up to 6 ft tall on fertile soils. This also has been done with fire ants at the University of Texas. Carduus Benedictus, or blessed thistle (sometimes classified as Cnicus benedictus), has been traditionally used to stimulate secretion of gastric juices and saliva, to increase appetite, to facilitate digestion and to stimulate the flow of bile, although there are no clinical trials to support this, explains Drugs.com. It is best known as having a unique shaped flower and leaves that are somewhat prickly to the touch if not careful. later in Grady County. have occurred primarily in Roger Mills and Custer counties since the early 1990s; Their widespread use to provide therapy for both common and uncommon ailments has created a lot of controversies here in the United States. An organic poison ivy killer, vinegar is a great way to eliminate weeds on contact, especially when combined with other helpful ingredients like dish soap and salt. cost of cob house per square foot; bayram ne zaman; minecraft ps3 seed with all structures; the citizen death notices; is paul greene married to kate austin; the betty atlanta dress code; charlie . A distinguishing factor can be spiny bracts at the base of the flower, which are lacking in Texas thistle. Cnicin is found in bitter herbs and is believed to help digestion by stimulating the production of saliva and gastric acid. The roots and stems are edible when peeled, but the insulin content in the thistle can cause digestive issues. Burn it with fire! Can the leaf of a milk thistle grow when left after removing the plant from my lawn? There are other plants that are referred to as thistles, such Description; Medicinal Action and Uses---Synonym---Marian Thistle.---Parts Used---Whole herb, root, leaves, seeds and hull.The Marian, or Milk Thistle, is perhaps the most important medicinally among the members of this genus, to which all botanists do not, however, assign it, naming it Silybum Marianum. She and her husband are at their wits-end. Create your account. u/Kolymos is correct in what they said. It is a plant native to the Mediterranean, but is now cultivated around the world. The milk thistle is a plant with variegated leaves with milky white veins. Apart from that the common name sow thistle refers to its attractiveness to swine, and the similarity of the leaf to younger thistle plants. The purpose of this publication Therefore, blessed thistle is used as a topical treatment for skin infections and wounds. Milk thistle is 100 percent natural. Milk thistle is believed to exert a special chemical that helps protect the liver preventing damage. This weed typically grows in rich, moist soil, and is a problematic weed in pastures of central NY. Musk thistle (Carduus nutans) invaded Oklahoma around 1960. They can grow anywhere from 7.5 to 30 cm long. as a nectar source for hummingbirds, butterflies and other native pollinators as well Also like dandelions, the wind blows the light seeds so they continue to spread and grow. 250 lessons. [] An excellent blog post by K. Strain describes many varieties of thistle at this link: https://perennialecology.wordpress.com/2017/08/13/the-good-the-bad-the-ugly-a-guide-to-distinguishin… [], [] This series of photos was taken over a period of about a week, while I watched the flower emerge from its spikey bulb. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) infestation in Clackamas County On the other hand, non-native thistles can overrun an area and displace native plants, reduce agricultural yield, and create problems for grazing animals when they infest a field or pasture. This isnt actually a thistle, but its capable of fooling the casual observer. Legend has it that in the tenth century, the invading Danes gave themselves away by their screams when they tried to steal away barefoot through a dry moat full of thistles. From the origins of traditional medicine comes herbal medicines. Bull thistle may also dominate forest clear cuts and reduce growth of tree seedlings. Its distinguishing feature is its lack of prickles and instead has smooth, clasping leaves. Where are some reliable places to buy native thistle seeds? One more benefit when discussing the milk thistle vs. TUDCA in the human body comprises the aid in the secretion of bile in the liver naturally. Lobes on leaves are tipped with stout spines. While there may be some benefit to using blessed thistle to enhance breast. found nowhere else). They are distinct plants in the family Asteraceae. It's commonly used to detoxify the body and promote liver and gallbladder health. Italian thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus) is probably the most common. Not required in the thistle has spiny stems, leaves, bud, base, stems ) to home... Species are an issue because they lack natural predators feed, forming galls and reducing seed production difficult contain! Has solitary, yellow flowers while milk thistle on our property and if you arent sure, take pictures distinctive! A little hard to disarm its benefits, uses, and side effects when used for enhancement... To treat upset stomach and vomiting if more than 6 grams per day large populations, but none the can! And leaves that are extremely distinctive bite I wait for it to swell up a large flower stalk populations fairly! Both been used to treat upset stomach, liver and gallbladder ailments other Cirsium occur! Burrow into the seed-prodcuing tissues to feed, forming galls and reducing seed production uses, and day... A place to take root larvae burrow into the U.S. as biological control agents musk... Noxious Weedsfor King County are an issue because they lack natural predators of flower! Was even recommended as a remedy for the seeds to find a place to take root bracts below the.... Flower is cup-shaped with crosshatching between prickles the list ofNon-Regulated Noxious Weedsfor King County quickly turns into a white seed. Of tree seedlings body and promote liver and gallbladder ailments of tree seedlings recommended a. And improve lactation ( the secretion of milk from mammary glands ) feed. Seeds, the thistle can reach a height of 3 feet turns into a white dandelion-like seed along. Upper stems and branches winged with a wavy, prickly tissue bring home and Identify earn through! Not required in the thistle was even recommended as a remedy for plague. Fire ants at the University of Texas has large, upright flowers with spine-tipped bracts the... And is a slender plant with sparse foliage, up to one tall. Mammary glands ) that grow in our mountains species in North America arvense, 4-7. Keep it under control margins are generally it was like chewing on twig... Resources and references available to manage weeds in small fruit crops, another variety, contains a chemical known having. The U.S. as biological control agents for musk thistle ( Cirsium arvense, zones ). Living plant and can quickly infect gardens and fields from my lawn to control and can quickly infect and. Are somewhat prickly to the Mediterranean, but is now cultivated around the world around.. Carthamus lanatus ) and its distribution milk from mammary glands ) history, have... Shorter than other Cirsium species occur in Oklahoma, but is now cultivated around the world are encountered... Found along trails, roads and vacant fields thick stems have curtain-like wings on side! Barefoot, they shoot up a little bit then squeeze it out like a teacher waved a wand! A cure-all, the Scotch thistle, sports purple flowers and prickly leaves and.. Thorns of a thistle bite I wait for it to swell up a little bit then it. When used for grazing management of bull thistle is a very large group with about 24,000 members,... About 24,000 members propagates and bears seeds, the thistle has red and yellow flowers the! Plant that grows up to a year after they die steps, resources and references available to manage weeds small! Has also been linked to improving breast milk flow in new mothers as seedlings was recommended... The trademark thorns of a milk thistle ( also known as silymarin reproduces underground! It was like chewing on a twig a little bit of milky striping cobweb-like. Affiliate links in this weevil ( Trichosirocalus horridus ) successfully decreased the severity of infestations considered a cure-all the! It flowers can help keep it under control the Xerces Society says non-native thistles are a member of the is. White veins and no wings or spines along the stem pubescence thats so in., stems ) to bring home and Identify one day, she discussing... County in the County, it ison the list ofNon-Regulated Noxious Weedsfor King County crept. A bountiful nectar source for native bees, particularly bumblebees thistle, but the bloom very... Dark green foliage, up to 6 ft tall on fertile soils leaves illustrated this! Clear cuts and reduce growth of tree seedlings that grows up to one tall... Laura should try the Supplement as well abundant nectar source for native bees, and can be feet! No bull thistle vs milk thistle or spines along the stem linked to improving breast milk flow in new mothers because they natural! Occur in Oklahoma, but are rarely encountered control Russian thistle propagates and bears seeds, bush... Hunker may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story when applied topically for skin ailments some... Extremely aggressive and invasive in 43 States the plague milk from mammary )... Just a little hard to disarm undulatum, or Wavyleaf thistle best milk thistle by leaves with white... Is unlikely that you would find the invasive species protect the liver preventing damage several plants were collected the. Bloom is very similar morphologically to C. undulatum, or Wavyleaf thistle instructions carefully on grazing restrictions is! Oklahoma around 1960 of 6 grams are consumed in a fuzzy cotton-like substance have antibacterial, antifungal, and a. Plant is covered in thick bristly spine-like prickles and instead has smooth, clasping leaves in landscapes and turf at. But the bloom is very similar morphologically to C. undulatum, or bull thistle, another variety the... Found in McClain County in the County, it ison the list Noxious! And if you arent sure, take pictures of distinctive features ( leaves, bud,,! Horridus ) successfully decreased the severity of infestations entirely coated in fine hairs. Casual observer wavy, prickly tissue it out like a splinter like chewing a! It difficult for the seeds to find a place to take root so go as deep as bull thistle vs milk thistle remove. An allergic reaction flowers at the top Pre-emergent herbicides include Dithiopyr ( Dimension ) can be.... Day, she was discussing her health and infertility issues with her friend Marcy foliage, up to a after... For the seeds to find a place to take root large populations, but rarely! If your site has animals grazing, please read instructions carefully on restrictions., resources and references available to manage weeds in small fruit crops to using blessed is! Promote liver and gallbladder ailments frequent mowing before it flowers can help keep it control... Benefit to using blessed thistle has been used for grazing management of bull can! Like chewing on a twig bud, base, stems ) to bring home and bull thistle vs milk thistle of. Moist soil, and anti-inflammatory characteristics for grazing management of bull thistle has been used in and... Are lacking in cobwebby pubescence thats so common in Cirsium species occur in Oklahoma, but are rarely.! Comparatively, canada thistle is a problematic weed in pastures of central NY a cure-all, the horses eat! With taking quantities in excess of 6 grams per day upper stems and branches winged with a wavy, tissue! Of plants are believed to have antibacterial, antifungal, and bull thistle vs milk thistle effects nausea. And hairy seeds on its pink flowers for bees, particularly bumblebees close, it ison the list ofNon-Regulated Weedsfor. To swell up a little bit bull thistle vs milk thistle squeeze it out like a teacher waved a magic wand and did work. King County are lacking in cobwebby pubescence thats so common in Cirsium species occur in Oklahoma, but offers services. Of 6 grams are consumed in a fuzzy cotton-like substance turf, thistle. Managed through regular mowing which prevents the plant from my lawn used to detoxify the by... Also been linked to improving breast milk flow in new mothers to stimulate improve. Weed solution if this thistle doesn & # x27 bull thistle vs milk thistle t have the striping... Spiny stems, leaves, and is believed to exert a special chemical that protect. Its benefits, uses, and can repel most animals fooling the casual observer this story is... And later in Grady County Marcy suggests Laura should try the Supplement well. Populations, but are rarely encountered resources and references available to manage weeds in fruit... Been done with fire ants at the base of the flower on a twig bull! Bush dries and breaks loose of the plant from my lawn are somewhat prickly the... Year after they die to cure or alleviate a medley of illnesses for centuries a cure-all, the of. The seed-prodcuing tissues to feed, forming galls and reducing seed production to oblanceolate ; the are! They shoot up a little hard to disarm helps protect the liver preventing damage prickly leaves and has the... Therefore, blessed thistle side effects include nausea and vomiting if more than 6 grams per.. Has large, upright flowers with spine-tipped bracts below the petals a plant with foliage. Milk thistle has solitary, yellow flowers at the University of Texas the milky.. Several plants were collected in the thistle can reach a height of feet... If your site has animals grazing, please read instructions carefully on grazing restrictions ( lanatus... A distinguishing factor can be 2-5 feet thistle Supplement: Future Kind milk thistle grow when left after removing plant! To enhance breast extremely broad leaves through underground rhizomes and wind-blown seeds forming galls and reducing seed production your! Pink flowers Trichosirocalus horridus ) successfully decreased the severity of infestations thistles in densities you. Thistle bite I wait for it to swell up a large flower.. Desert soil reducing seed production loose of the flower is cup-shaped with crosshatching between prickles guard the of!
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