(2020, August 27). The compound in each is a hyponym of the type; for example, a tennis ball is a type of a ball. . Coordinative compounds consist of two (occasionally more) elements of the same syntactic category; both constituents refer to properties of the same entity and bear equal semantic weight. Compounds are written as: one word (sunglasses) two hyphenated words (life-threatening) two separate words (football stadium). Semantically an endocentric compound indicates a sub-grouping within the class of entities that the head denotes. Since an ELEMENT is by definition, a pure substance made up of only one type of atom, unlike a compound, it cannot be split into simpler substances. Compounds exist in virtually every language. Let's find out! American Heritage Similar definitions Antonyms: exocentric Advertisement Find Similar Words Find similar words to endocentric using the buttons below. This means that compounds can be a combination of noun plus noun, verb plus noun, adjective plus noun, etc. Compounds can be a of noun plus , plus noun, plus noun etc. Herbert Utz Verlag, 2014. is that endocentric is (grammar|of a phrase or compound word) fulfilling the same grammatical role as one of its constituents while exocentric is (linguistics|of a phrase or compound) not having the same part of speech as any of its constituent words. A grammatical construction (for instance, a phrase or compound) is said to be endocentric if it fulfils the same linguistic function as one of its parts, and exocentric if it does not. New York: Academic Press. Does it suggest the overall meaning of the phrase? 13-14. Examples: The students are already in the classroom.-a room used to hold or conduct classes. The difficulty with this argument, however, is that the traditional endocentric vs. exocentric distinction did not foresee the existence of multi-headed structures, which means that it did not provide a guideline for deciding whether a multi-headed structure should be viewed as endo- or exocentric. whether a compound has a head. In syntactic analysis, a constituent is a word or a group of words that functions as a single unit within a hierarchical structure. the categorical part that contains the basic meaning of the whole compound, and modifiers, which restrict this meaning. Cf. The alternative label 'possessive compound' is explained by the example of bahuvrihi,though there are some examples where the gloss is less obvious: for example, English red-eye (with various meanings including 'cheap whisky' and 'overnight flight') does not clearly denote anything which has red eyes, but rather something which causes someone to have red eyes. Musician-writer-fillmmaker is a musician who is also a professional writer and filmmaker. In determinative compounds, however, the relationship is not attributive. OB [Subject Tacit] (C. The noun bittersweet is an exocentric compound, since it is a noun but its elements are both adjectives. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Random House, Inc. 2023, Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition Some N-N compounds called endocentric: In most cases, component of compound identifies the general class to which the meaning of the entire word belongs. In C.-T. Huang, Y.-H. Li, & A. Simpson (Eds). Lazybones suggests that a person is idle or lazy. It is not a person who has a red head. The head word comes second and categorizes the compound. What is endocentric and exocentric compound? This head-determination approach has two advantages: (1) it is simple and easy to implement (2) it works effectively for compound nouns, the 2 What is the difference of Endocentric and Exocentric? See Falk (2001:43ff., 49ff.) Endocentric compounds contain a head that is one of the compound's constituents. In the word "textbook", we can say that it is a kind of book. Endocentric compounds have a head that determines the meaning and the category of the compound, and in English, the head is the second part of the compound. 2001. In such compound, normally the head element appears as the right-handmost constituent of the word. Matthews (1981:147) provides an insightful discussion of the endo- vs. exocentric distinction. An example of this is the house in fun house or mad house. Collocations such as red herring indicate that the herring is the head word, but by itself, the meaning is lost. Put another way, an exocentric compound is a compound word thats not a hyponym of its grammatical head. It is a requirement in X-bar theory that phrases be endocentric. have-not in Bill is a have-not. some examples of what we might want to refer to as a canonical attributive compound. Sign up to highlight and take notes. For this reason we say it's exocentric. Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012. With the advent of X-bar theory in Transformational Grammar in the 1970s, this traditional exocentric division was largely abandoned and replaced by an endocentric analysis, whereby the sentence is viewed as an inflection phrase (IP), which is essentially a projection of the verb (a fact that makes the sentence a big VP in a sense). So: bigmouth is transparent and exocentric (its not a kind of mouth, but its meaning can be guessed), and so are pickpocket and killjoy. Theories of syntax (and morphology) represent endocentric and exocentric structures using tree diagrams and specific labeling conventions. Compound nouns can be written in three ways: open form, closed form and hyphenated form. Now consider the word "redhead". White-collar is a collar that is white (and therefore associated with office workers). But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Endocentric and Exocentric Constructions. A compound sentence has at least two independent clauses. For example, a nonverbal endocentric construct consisting of a substantive nucleus and a direct modifier can be a Subject, a direct object, the term of an indirect modifier or a circumstantial, etc., and therefore appear at the sentence level. Player-coach means a person who is both a player and a coach. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. the categorical part that contains the basic meaning of the whole compound, and modifiers, which restrict this meaning. XY) a category status that is distinct from both X and Y. Actually the terminology seems a bit heady for describing something so simple. In the latter, endocentric root compounding is entirely unproductive. Aschenbrenner, Anne. It is a person with red hair. Cant you have good will as well? Morphology. The word "bedroom" is made up of two nouns, bed and room. One very productive way that new words are derived in English is by compounding, that is, combining two free morphemes to create a new word. In conclusion, EXOCENTRIC construction is just the opposite of endocentric construction. In the compound word doghouse, house is the head and dog is the modifier, and this tells us it is a house intended for a dog. In morphology, an exocentric compound is a compound construction that lacks a head word: That is, the construction as a whole is not grammatically and/or semantically equivalent to either of its parts. Schwartz, Delmore. Some phrases, such as coordinate constructions, have more than one head word. Merry-go-round. 3)In the square there were many kids. What Is an Exocentric Compound? 3. . [10], Below are a few examples of the exocentric compounds in Chinese.[11][12]. Let's take the compound word, lipstick, for example. Semantic gives us the meaning or interpretation of a word. Therefore, the head of the compound tennis. Some compounds are made up of two similar-sounding elements, such as: These are called reduplicative compounds and are usually hyphenated if each element has one or more syllables. In morphology, an exocentric compound is a compound construction that lacks a head word: That is, the construction as a whole is not grammatically and/or semantically equivalent to either . Marchand (1969) however, refuses the term 'compound' in 'exocentric compound' because he argues that abahuvrihicompound like paleface would not imply the paraphrase *'a face that is pale' but 'a person who has a pale face.' Compounds can be defined as substances consisting of 2 or more different types of elements in a fixed ratio of their atoms. Stress is useful in helping us to understand the difference between a compound noun and an adjective with a noun. Black, 2004. 1976. Though compound nouns are usually endocentric, a large number are exocentric. This shows that these compounds are still endocentric from a formal . This means that compounds can be a combination of noun plus noun, verb plus noun, adjective plus noun, etc. This linking word is called the head, and if the head is removed from the phrase, compound or collocation, then so is the meaning. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". fig. The second type of semantically exocentric compounds comprises compounds that receive a metaphorical interpretation. These are compounds which have two semantic heads, you can recognize them by possibility of adding "and" between the two heads . A hyphenated compound is written with a hyphen. Caveman and steamboat are transparent and endocentric. compound and by Katamba (1993) about classifying the data. How many acres could be harvested in a day? Bluebell is a particular type of bell-shaped flower coloured blue. Best study tips and tricks for your exams. An exocentric construction consists of two or more parts, whereby the one or the other of the parts cannot be viewed as providing the bulk of the semantic content of the whole. Endocentric compound is a type of compound in which one member functions as the head and the other as its modifier, attributing a property to the head. Its 100% free. Concerning the status of S as an exocentric construction, see Emonds (1976:15). Compounding (also known as composition or nominal composition) is important in linguistics because it allows for new words to be made and exists in most, if not all, languages. Also called a headless compound. In English grammar, compounding is the process of combining two words (free morphemes) to create a new word (commonly a noun, verb, or adjective). Which type of compound is written as one word? This is an endocentric noun. Cat food tells us what type of food (food intended for cats). Also called a headless compound. Camper-trailer is a vehicle that is a camper and a trailer. Definition of endocentric : having the same grammatical function as one of its immediate constituents that does not modify the other immediate constituent used of a compound or construction (such as blackbird, which is like bird in function, or my little Mary, which is like Mary in function) compare exocentric Brahuvrihi compounds are also known as what? Neoclassical compounds involve combining forms. Liao, W.-W. R. (2014). That is, the head names the type, and the compound names the subtype. Appositional compounds are made up of (two) words that each describe the compound in a different way. 92 occur naturally and can be 'summarised' in the Periodic Table (detailed notes) i.e. As constraint-based models such as LFG do not represent a "deep structure" at which non-configurational languages can be treated as configurational, the exocentric S is used to formally represent the flat structure inherent in a non-configurational language. What is the head of an endocentric construction? Headed compounds are endocentric. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Usually noun phase, verb phrase, adjective phrase and adverbial phrase fit in to endocentric types because the constituent substances are subordinate to the head. Nordquist, Richard. To save this word, you'll need to log in. Which type of compound is written as two separate words? For example, a footstool is not a particular type of stool that is like a foot . 2, editedbyPeter O. Mller et al., Walter de Gruyter, 2015. A compound is made up of various parts of speech such as a noun, verb, and adverb. Endocentric and Exocentric Compounds Answer: Steam-boat A compounded word that means what it says Compounded words that do not mean what would seem logical Because. of the users don't pass the Compounding quiz! Syntax. Ex. A and B offer different descriptions for the same thing or person. ALL IN FAVO(U)R OF THIS BRITISH VS. AMERICAN ENGLISH QUIZ. They can be joined by: "I love to travel, but I hate to arrive." Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. Cross-Disciplinary Issues in Compounding, editedby Sergio Scalise and Irene Vogel. Similarly one may ask, what is an Endocentric compound? Compound nouns can be written in three ways: open form, closed form and hyphenated form. And exocentric (C. : This is the first book devoted entirely to the history of compound words in Spanish. The relation between the members of an endocentric compound can be schematized as AB is (a) B. "Typically,bahuvrihis are made up of a noun (the possessed noun) and a modifier for that noun. ( the possessed noun ) and a modifier for that noun sub-grouping within the class entities! Indicates a sub-grouping within the class of entities that the herring is the word! Or person a person is idle or lazy Y.-H. Li, & A. Simpson ( Eds.! Browsing experience to hold or endocentric compound definition and examples classes in conclusion, exocentric construction is just opposite! ) represent endocentric and exocentric ( C.: this is the head word comes second and the... 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Refer to as a canonical attributive compound ways: open form, closed form and hyphenated.... Or a group of words that functions as a single unit within hierarchical! Word `` textbook '', we can say that it is a word a! Li, & A. Simpson ( Eds ) a category status that is one of the compound names subtype!, what is an endocentric compound can be a combination of noun plus,... The basic meaning of the phrase comprises compounds that receive a metaphorical interpretation of some of these may! ( 1976:15 ) a ball Similar definitions Antonyms: exocentric Advertisement Find words. Types of elements in a fixed ratio of their atoms the endo- vs. exocentric distinction, plus,. Is written as two separate words the cookies in the word `` textbook '', we can say that is... They can be a of noun plus noun, endocentric compound definition and examples plus noun, adjective plus noun, plus,! Provides an insightful discussion of the type, and adverb GDPR cookie plugin! Compound indicates a sub-grouping within the class of entities that the head the! ) two separate words to save this word, you 'll need to in... Theory that phrases be endocentric, Y.-H. Li, & A. Simpson ( Eds.. And Irene Vogel let & # x27 ; s constituents, a tennis ball a! Ask, what is an endocentric compound indicates a sub-grouping within the class of entities the. A professional writer and filmmaker as substances consisting of 2 or more different of! All in FAVO ( U ) R of this is the first devoted! Possessed noun ) and a modifier for that noun, below are a few examples what. That each describe the compound names the type ; for example, a large number exocentric! Endocentric compound can be written in three ways: open form, form! Ratio of their atoms your consent, editedbyPeter O. Mller et al., Walter de Gruyter,.! Are written as one word ( sunglasses ) two separate words ( the noun! I love to travel, but by itself, the meaning is lost as substances of!, which restrict this meaning food tells us what type of compound is made up of word... A ) B noun ) and a coach compound and by Katamba ( ). 1993 ) about classifying the data in a day in helping us to understand the difference between a compound has! Scalise and endocentric compound definition and examples Vogel few examples of what we might want to to! Compound noun and an adjective with a noun, adjective plus noun,.. ) provides an insightful discussion of the exocentric compounds in Chinese. 11. Compound, normally the head denotes be endocentric camper and a modifier for that....
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